AutoZine Technical School

AUTOZINE TECHNICAL SCHOOL

Department of Engine

Power Boosting Technology

Variable-valve timing (VVT)

	Basic Principles
	VVT's benefit to fuel consumption and emission
	Different systems:
	1. Cam-changing VVT - e.g. Honda 3-stage VTEC, Nissan VVL
	2. Cam-phasing VVT - e.g. BMW Vanos / Double Vanos, Toyota VVT-i
	3. Cam-changijng + Cam-phasing VVT - e.g. Toyota VVTL-i, Porsche Variocam Plus, Honda i-VTEC, Audi Valvelift, Mercedes Camtronic
	4. Rover's unique VVC
	5. Continuous variable valve lift (CVVL) - e.g. BMW Valvetronic, Nissan VVEL, Toyota Valvematic
	6. Electrohydraulic valve control - e.g. Fiat Multiair

Intake and exhaust

Tuned intake manifold

Variable intake manifold

Variable length intake manifold

	3-stage variable length intake manifold
	Continuous variable length intake manifold - e.g. BMW DIVA

Resonance intake manifold - e.g. Porsche VarioRam

Tuned exhaust & variable back-pressure exhaust

Multi-valve engines

	History
	Advantages and Disadvantages
	Solutions - e.g. Toyota T-VIS
	Number of Valves - 3, 4, 5 or more

Forced induction

	Roots type supercharger
	Eaton TVS supercharger
	Lysholm (screw type) supercharger
	Centrifugal supercharger

Turbocharging

Overview

Light pressure turbo

Variable turbine geometry (VTG)

Twin-turbo

	Parallel Twin-turbo
	Sequential Twin-turbo
	2-Stage Variable Twin-turbo

Twin-scroll turbo

Cross-bank turbocharging - BMW twin-turbo V8 as example

Turbo + Supercharger - e.g. Volkswagen Twincharger

Ignition

Twin-spark plug

Compression ratio

	Variable Compression - Saab SVC
	High Compression engines - Mazda Skyactiv-G

Green Technology

Petrol

	Lean burn engine
	Direct injection by stratified charge - Mitsubishi GDI
	Direct injection by EGR - Renault IDE
	Mercedes 3-valve approach to cut cold start emission
	Honda ULEV and ZLEV engines
	Mazda Miller Cycle engine
	Throttleless engines - BMW Valvetronic
	Exhaust Gas Recirculation (including EGR by means of VVT)

Diesel

	Modern diesel engines
	Common-rail direct injection diesel engines
	PSA Particle Filter

Alternative fuel

Electric cars

Hybrid cars

	Toyota Prius
	Honda Insight

Fuel Cell cars - Mercedes NECAR 4

Engine Packaging

Volkswagen VR6 and W-engines

	First generation VR6
	Second generation, 24-valve VR6
	W12 engine
	W16 engine
	W8 engine
	W18 engine

Advanced materials

	Aluminum head and block
	Plastic or magnesium intake manifolds
	Aluminum pistons and cylinder liners (including Nikasil and FRM)
	Titanium connecting rods
	Forged components

Engine Smoothness

	Introduction and basic theory
	Inline 2-cylinder engines
	Inline 3-cylinder engines
	Inline 4-cylinder engines (versus boxer-4)
	Inline 5-cylinder engines
	Inline 6-cylinder engines
	V6 engines
	V8 engines - flat-plane and cross-plane crank
	V10 engines
	V12 engines
	All horizontally opposed (boxer) engines
	Volkswagen VR6, W12 and W16
	Volkswagen W8

Copyright© 1997-2012 by Mark Wan @ AutoZine