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| Picture Gallery: Enzo | Related topics: 288GTO, F40, F50 |
| Versions
included
here: General, FXX, Maserati
MC12,
Maserati
MC12 Corsa |
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Whenever we talk about supercars, Ferrari must be the word mentioned most frequently. Supercar era was started by Ferrari 288 GTO in 1984 and evaporated by F40 three years later. To many people, F40 is still the best supercar Ferrari ever produced, eclipsing its successor F50 in many areas. Sadly, F50 is now generally regarded as one of the few failures of Maranello. Compare with its predecessor, it was heavier and slower. Its naturally aspirated V12 produced far less torque than the older twin-turbo V8. Its barchetta architecture was nonsense to a 200mph supercar. Its soft roof blew off at high speed. Its vibration and harshness caused by mounting the engine directly to carbon fiber chassis was terrible even by supercar standard. Worst of all, it was the ugliest supercar ever appeared, beside Lister Storm of course. With such a backward development, no wonder Ferrari lost its top spot in supercar chart. Admittedly, even if F50 were not so bad, it would not have clinched the title either. You already know why: in 1993, McLaren launched the mighty F1 road car, which raised the game so high that, even after 9 years, no one else can touch it. McLaren F1 was so successful because of 3 reasons. Firstly, it had the world’s most powerful engine - 627hp BMW V12, and being naturally-aspirated it was free of any turbo lag. Secondly, it was by far the lightest supercar, weighing just 1138kg. No wonder it could reach 60mph in 3.2 seconds, 100mph in 6.3 seconds and 200mph in 28 seconds. Thirdly, it had a low drag coefficient of 0.32 and an unusually small frontal area, enabling it to set a speed record of 240mph. Now, after 9 long years, Ferrari Enzo becomes the first challenger to McLaren F1. Ferrari Enzo - the closest challenger to McLaren F1
In the beginning of project FX, Ferrari set a target of beating McLaren F1 in acceleration, if not top speed. Ferrari knew it is impossible to build a car faster than the McLaren in terms of top speed (unless you have 1000 horsepower like Bugatti Veyron) because that require a very low drag coefficient, which inevitably sacrifice downforce, and a small frontal area, which needs narrow tracks. Both deteriorate handling. In fact, McLaren F1 was always regarded as tricky to handle, failing to put down its tremendous power effectively onto ground. Ferrari cannot tolerate that, because it prefers to measure performance according to lap time in Fiorano, its home track. To out-accelerate McLaren, Ferrari developed an all-new V12 for Enzo. It displaces 5998cc, 66cc smaller than McLaren’s V12, but it produces 660 horsepower and 485 pound-feet of torque. In other words, 33hp and 6lbft more than its rival. This become even more impressive if you consider the stringent emission regulation compare with that 9 years ago. Besides, the Ferrari engine is considerably lighter - 225kg versus 266kg. The Ferrari also has a superior semi-automatic gearbox to enable faster yet easier shifting. Furthermore, it is equipped with "launch control" program to optimize launching. If you remember, Ferrari used it in Formula One in the mid-90s until being banned by FIA. Nevertheless, when the development program entered its final phase, Maranello knew their hope of beating McLaren F1 in acceleration became slim as they failed to match the target weight of 1200kg. Why? because the Enzo is XL-size compare with McLaren F1, being 40cm longer and 20cm wider. Also because of Ferrari boss Luca di Montezemolo, who insists even the most serious Ferrari must deliver a level of comfort, refinement and ease of driving. For example, Enzo has air-conditioning as standard equipment. It also has adaptive damping (like F50), power steering and braking, ABS and traction control. McLaren had none of these. Eventually, the production Enzo tips the scale at 1365kg, some 227kg heavier than the F1. According to official figures, it tops "more than" 217mph (350kph) and accelerates from rest to 60mph in a little over 3.5 seconds, both are slower than the F1. Although Ferrari claims it beat McLaren to 200kph (124mph) by 0.1 second, its worse power-to-weight ratio says otherwise. Sadly, Ferrari needs that moral victory - no matter how trivial - to get out of the shadow of McLaren F1. Anyway, Enzo is already the fastest car since McLaren F1. All other supercars - 911GT1, CLK-GTR and Pagani Zonda included - are now eclipsed by Enzo. Dramatic Styling
Obviously, Okuyama’s work was not as magical as Leonardo Fioravanti. Compare Enzo with its big grandmother 288GTO and you will see what I mean. Fioravanti’s GTO looks pure and sexy; Enzo looks untidy and dramatic; GTO conforms to one design language; Enzo’s racing-car nose is at odds with the show-car-like tail; GTO uses grilles to hide those big ventilation holes yet contribute to graphical beauty; Enzo leaves all huge ventilation holes exposed, ruining the body profile and giving us a wind-blocking image. Yes, the design philosophy of Enzo is all about ventilation and downforce management. Look at that ultra-long Formula 1 nose, it is not just for look but draws air towards the ground-effect diffusers to generate downforce. Look at all those huge air scoops at nose, at the leading edge of rear wings and those air outlets at either side of the triangular bonnet and at the trailing edge of front wings, the whole car is virtually covered by holes! That said, Ferrari Enzo was shaped according to functions rather than art. Unfortunately, unlike 360 Modena, in this case functions are not compatible with beauty. What the Enzo does impress its viewers is how striking and dramatic it looks, especially viewing from the front. No other cars have a nose so dramatic. Beautiful or not, you know this is the most serious performance machine ever coming out of Maranello. Advanced Aerodynamics The Enzo has an aerodynamic drag coefficient as poor as 0.36, virtually back to the Testarossa era. However, like Formula 1 cars, its emphasis is on downforce and therefore handling. When you have 660 horsepower on tap and 217mph top speed, you know how important downforce is.
A smaller part of the downforce is contributed by a tiny rear spoiler and a pair of internal aero flaps located in front of the front wheels. Both of them are automatically adjustable according to speed. For example, at 200kph (124mph), the Enzo generates 344kg of downforce. This rises to the maximum 775kg at 300kph (186mph), and then eases back to enable higher top speed. At 217mph (350kph), the downforce is reduced to 585kg. Improved Chassis Unsurprisingly, Enzo’s chassis tub is constructed entirely in carbon-fiber to keep weight as low as possible. Bodywork is made of an even lighter material - aluminum honeycomb sandwich. Sandwiched by what? carbon fiber skins of course. However, what
really distinguish
the Enzo from its predecessor F50 are: 1) the new car is a coupe rather
than a spider, with a fixed roof and a pair of "butterfly" doors. This
makes a lot more sense to such a serious supercar. 2) its engine and
gearbox
are mounted on an alloy sub-frame via rubber bushings rather than
bonded
directly to the carbon fiber tub. In this way noise and vibration are
isolated
from the cockpit. 1) Carbon-fiber
tub bonded
with roof. World-beating V12 Engine You know, engine is always the strength and soul of Ferrari, but the V12 of Enzo is really the best of the best, while the same cannot be said to F50. If you remember, the 4.7-litre, 60-valve, F1-inspired V12 of F50 was once praised by the world for its ability to rev to 8500rpm and its super-high specific output of 110 horsepower per litre. However, it could not escape the automotive law of "there is no replacement for displacement", thus generating just 347 pound-foot of torque. No wonder F50 actually accelerated slower than its predecessor F40, which had 425lbft on tap. Therefore, Ferrari finally followed the footprints of McLaren to seek power from a large-capacity V12. This time they developed a 65° V12 displacing a full 6 litres (5998cc). If you think larger capacity must reduce efficiency, you will be wrong this time. The new V12 produces the same 110hp out of every litre, thanks to the introduction of variable valve timing. Previously, Ferrari applied VVT to 360 Modena only, and it was just a two-stage system working at exhaust camshafts. In contrast, Enzo employs continuously variable valve timing at all four camshafts. This is undoubtedly a big improvement to Ferrari, although McLaren F1 already had Double Vanos some 9 years ago. We have to mention that the new V12 switched back from 5-valve to conventional 4-valve per cylinder like Ferrari's formula 1 engines since the mid-90s. This might give us a clearer answer to our long-existing suspect: is 5-valve really better than 4-valve?
However, the beauty of this V12 is how revvy and efficient it is without sacrificing tractability. If you look at its oversquare combustion chamber (92mm bore x 75.2mm stroke) and 11.2:1 compression ratio, you will understand why it can rev higher and therefore deliver more horsepower than the V12s from McLaren, Lamborghini and Pagani. The Ferrari engine redlines at 8000rpm and cut-out at 8200rpm. In other words, it is the highest revving V12 in the world this side of F50. At 7800rpm, it generates 660 horsepower, a record for any road-going engine. That’s an astonishing 140hp more than F50, 105hp more than Pagani Zonda, 80hp more than Lamborghini Murcielago and 33hp more than the emission-unfriendly McLaren F1! and don’t forget the Ferrari V12 displaces less cc than all of them. At 225kg, the 6-litre V12 is 27kg heavier than F50’s 4.7-litre unit. However, it is still lighter than its rivals and virtually matches Mercedes 5.8-litre sohc V12, which is currently the lightest V12 in the world. I can’t help praising Maranello’s engineers. Perhaps this is what they learned from formula 1. F1 Gearbox and Control System Enzo integrates the control systems of engine, gearbox, damping, aerodynamic aids, ABS, EBD brake force distribution and ASR traction control so that they work in harmony with each other. This also allow a race mode - when the driver push the "Race" button on steering wheel, computer will firm up the adaptive damping, select the middle setting of traction control (which allows a fair degree of slide) and quicken the gearchange of the F1 semi-automatic gearbox. People used to have reservation about Ferrari’s F1 gearbox because of its violent shift quality and sometimes inconsistent response. Anyway, for an uncompromising supercar like Enzo, F1 gearbox is perhaps more suitable than conventional manual. Think about it: this car takes just 3.5 seconds to reach 60mph and 9.5 seconds to 124mph, everything happens so quickly that you don’t have time to respond, so a fuss-free semi-automatic with steering column mounted paddles will keep you free of nervous and let you concentrate on the road. Moreover, the F1 gearbox shifts quicker than human hands. At race mode, it can shift within as little as 150ms, same as the system used by 360M and 70ms faster than 575M’s. Shift quality will inevitably suffer, but note that Enzo is not bought for refinement. Ceramic Brakes Ferrari follows Mercedes and Porsche to introduce ceramic brakes. They are supplied by Brembo, Ferrari’s partner in formula 1. The discs are huge in size (380mm diameter all round) and are clamped by monobloc alloy calipers with 6 pistons front and 4 pistons rear. However, the most special is the material of the disc - Brembo calls it CCM (Ceramic-Composite Material). Strangely, Ferrari gives another explanation to CCM - Carbon-Ceramic Material - to link with its formula 1 carbon-composite discs. In fact, many magazines were fooled and simply refer them as carbon-fiber brakes. There is a significant difference between a real carbon-composite brakes used in formula 1 and the ceramic-composite brakes used in Enzo: the former needs 200-300degC to work properly, otherwise it will be powerless. In contrast, CCM works at normal temperature. It is also much cheaper to build, though not as light. However, 4 pieces of ceramic brakes still save Enzo a valuable 12.5kg compare with conventional steel brakes. Moreover, they have the advantage of long life and heat resistance thus free of fade. On the Road Supercars must have super doors, isn’t it? sounds a bit nonsense, but the way the doors open has a decisive influence to millionaires or billionaires who buy supercars, for they buy mainly for sense of occasion. They won’t be disappointed with Enzo, as the car have a pair of butterfly doors swinging upward and forward in McLaren F1 style. Better still is how easy to get into the cockpit, as the doors open also a large portion of the roof (Enzo’s roof is actually a T-bar) thus you need not to mind your head. You don’t need to step across a wide sill either, unlike what you did in other supercars, because the doors cut into the sills. Now you notice that Enzo’s carbon-fiber tub does not run the full width of the car. The doors are mounted outside the tub rather than onto the tub.
Wrapping you tightly is a red racing bucket tailor to your size (customers are invited to Maranello to test the right seats and tailor the positions of pedals). Surrounding you is an all-carbon-fiber environment. Not only the bare tub is carbon-fiber, but the instrument panel, center console, the whole dashboard architecture and even part of the steering wheel! some might think cool, but I would prefer more leather and alloy for the color and graceful feel they deliver. Disappointingly, the carbon-fiber panels are not tightly fit while the design of the whole interior is ugly, more like a video game machine. Pagani Zonda looks more expensive in this respect. Twist the key... excuse me, press the "Start" button, the super V12 immediately impresses you by its smoothness. It is unusually creamy for a sporting V12, so smooth that at idle it may fool you as a limousine engine. It is also very tractable, pulling happily at top gear at 40mph. Prod the throttle, exhaust note gets more serious, and becomes even more exciting once the second stage of variable exhaust (to pass noise regulation) cut in. The short-stroke V12 still spins freely, smoothly all the way to 8200rpm. It is really a masterpiece!
But one thing makes Enzo so special: while it is super-fast, it remains so calm, so well-controlled and so easily accessible. While it is accelerating, all you feel is the g-force which press your head hardly onto the headrest. There is no dramatic nose-lift or wheelspin. The car has a lot of traction and ASR always ensure engine power not to overwhelm the chassis. The chassis is so stable in corner, with nearly zero roll. It also controls its tremendous power very well. There is strong grip from the tyres and downforce to keep the car firmly on road. At its best, the car can corner at an astonishing 1.36g. If you enter a corner too quickly, Enzo will understeer gently. It can get into oversteer under throttle, but to power slide it seems very difficult - and better to be avoided - because you have to turn off the ASR and fight against the tremendous power by your own "human traction control". The steering at 2.2 turns from lock to lock is quick, accurate and feelsome. Though being power assisted, weighting is heavy - a good thing to such a serious supercar. The semi-automatic gearbox works well on track (but I don’t expect it to perform as consistent on public road), reasonably smooth and very responsive. Because the Enzo accelerates so quick, the clutchless paddle-shift gearbox relieves pressure from the driver and let him concentrate on steering, throttle and braking, thus is a valuable equipment. The ceramic braking is perhaps the best single element of the car. It is simply the most powerful braking system ever appear on road cars. I guess maybe half of the 5-second cut over F50 is purely due to the new brakes. On Fiorano, Enzo’s variable damping works well. In the most comfortable setting it even damps more beautifully than 575M. Anyway, like all other handling aspects of the car, we have to wait for a road test on a proper public road to give the final verdict. Many Ferrari used to rate high in Fiorano, because they were extensively tested and tuned there. Whether Enzo’s outstanding ability translate to public road is yet to be seen. However, we can
already conclude
that Enzo is a more complete supercar than McLaren F1, for its superior
chassis and accessibility. But the F1 remains to be the more desirable
one in my mind, for its performance, look and innovation. And that was
achieved in 1993. |
||
| The above report was last updated on 25 Sep 2002. All Rights Reserved. |
The weight of EnzoMany magazines confuse the weight figures of Enzo and rivals. Ferrari claims Enzo's dry weight is 1255kg while kerb weight (with driver, engine fluid and half tank of fuel) is 1365kg. In the past, Ferrari quoted only dry weight for F40 (1100kg) and F50 (1230kg). Many other Italian supercar specialists also prefer to quote dry weight, such as Pagani Zonda C12S (1250kg) and Lamborghini Murcielago (1650kg).Unfortunately, some magazines (including Autocar and Evo) confused dry weight with kerb weight thus incorrectly reported that Enzo were 135kg heavier than F50 or 115kg heavier than Pagani Zonda etc. In fact, Enzo is just 25kg heavier than F50 and 5kg heavier than Zonda. However, McLaren F1's 1138kg, according to McLaren, is kerb weight. Therefore it is 227kg lighter than Enzo. Price and production numberIn two year’s time, Ferrari will build a limited run of 349 units of Enzo, the same as F50. Each sold at around £450,000, just slightly cheaper than McLaren F1. That can buy 2 Pagani Zondas or 3 Lamborghini Murcielago. |
| The above report was last updated on 25 Sep 2002. All Rights Reserved. |
Ferrari FXX
|
| The above report was last updated on 24 Aug 2007. All Rights Reserved. |
Maserati MC12 Though
badged as Maserati, MC12 is actually a derivative of Ferrari Enzo. More
accurately speaking, it is the racing version of Enzo, designed to race
FIA GT championship. This is implied by the name MC, which stands for
Maserati
Corsa, or Maserati Competition, while 12 is the cylinder count.
Predictably,
the car is hand-built by Ferrari technicians and the racing program is
run by Schumacher's boss, Jean Todt. Anyway, today you can no longer
separate
Ferrari and Maserati. Their design, engineering and production are
integrated
together.
The styling of MC12 was said to be originated by Giugiaro and executed by Frank Stephenson, but apart from the grille we cannot see anything like a Maserati. In fact, MC12 is very close to Enzo in appearance. It is virtually an Enzo with aerodynamic kits enhanced for racing tracks. Its carbon-fiber bodywork is a massive 440mm longer and 60mm wider than the already big Enzo, taking the overall length to an astonishing 5.14 meters and overall wdith to 2.1 meters. The wheelbase is also stretched from 2650mm to 2800mm to enhance stability. To observers, the most spectacular is the super-long front and rear overhangs, which are necessary to create the tremendous downforce it requires. In particular, the long long tail incorporates huge diffusers to generate ground effect. But that's not enough, Maserati - well, Ferrari - added a huge fixed rear spoiler to generate even more downforce. No figures are available, but undoubtedly it will shame Enzo's tiny electric rear spoiler.
But Ferrari fans must be anxious that it could be faster than the Enzo. Luckily, it is not. The MC12 has its 6-litre V12 detuned from the Enzo’s 660hp / 7800rpm to a still appealing 630hp / 7500rpm. On the other hand, it is 80kg heavier than the Enzo, thanks to its extra bodywork and the use of steel brakes (FIA ruled out ceramic brakes). The latter alone costs 12.5 kg.
By the time of
writing, around
30 MC12s have been built. 5 of them are race cars and 25 are road cars
to satisfy the homologation requirement of FIA GT championship. In
2005,
another 25 road cars will be built to satisfy the demand from those not
lucky enough to get one of the 349 Enzos. |
| The above report was last updated on 4 Feb 2005. All Rights Reserved. |
Maserati
MC12 Corsa
|
| The above report was last updated on 24 Aug 2007. All Rights Reserved. |
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