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30 Jan, 2009

Porsche 911 GT3 updated

This is the fourth 911 GT3 in 10 years. As expected, it is a small evolution from the last one, which has been around since 2006. Key improvements include increased downforce, a larger and more powerful 3.8-liter engine, adaptive engine mounts and stronger brakes. Sadly, direct injection and PDK gearbox are not in the list of update.

The new GT3 can be distinguished from the previous car by a wider rear spoiler, a more pronounced lip spoiler and 3 air outlets in front of the bonnet. They double the front and rear downforce in the expense of aerodynamic drag - Cd has increased from 0.29 to 0.32. Another noticeable difference from the old car is the new alloy wheels with single nut for quick replacement. Its racing intention is more obvious than ever.

Headline should be the updated engine, now displaces 3797 cc instead of 3600 cc. Moreover, its VarioCam VVT now works at the exhaust valves as well. The result is 435 horsepower at 7600 rpm, an increase of 20 hp. Maximum torque is 317 lb-ft at 6250 rpm compare to the old car's 299 lb-ft at 5500 rpm. Maximum rev inches up from 8400 to 8500 rpm.

As kerb weight remains unchanged at 1395 kg - partly thanks to the lighter wheels - the new GT3 has its 0-60 mph reduced by 0.2 seconds to only 4.0 seconds. It takes 8.2 seconds to accelerate from 0-100 mph, half a second quicker than before. Due to the higher drag, top speed increases just 1 mph to 194 mph.

The chassis of GT3 are basically the same as before. The suspensions use slightly stiffer springs and dampers, whose negative effect on ride quality is offset by the lighter wheels and brakes. PASM adaptive damping remains, while PSM stability control has been added for the first time. The low ride height of GT3 used to cause damages to the front air dam on rough surface, therefore now it has added a facility to increase the front ground clearance. By pressing a button, compressed air will jack up the adaptive dampers at the front wheels by up to 30 mm.

Another interesting feature is the adaptive engine mounts. In normal driving, the engine mounts are set soft to reduce NVH. When the computer sense the car is being driven hard, it automatically stiffens the engine mounts to limit weight transfer, hence improving body control. This may help easing the criticism about its tail-heavy handling.

The new GT3 continues to equip conventional brakes as standard and PCCB ceramic brakes as option to make the base price affordable. However, the standard brakes are stronger than ever. They are not only larger (380mm instead of 350mm up front), but also employ the latest dual-cast technology, which has cast iron surfaces laminating aluminum core to reduce weight and improve heat dissipation.

Although it doesn't represent a huge leap in straight line performance, the new GT3's stronger engine, enhanced downforce, body control and braking should bring considerable improvement in lap time, which is the important to it.

	911 GT3 (new)	911 GT3 (old)
Size (L / W / H / WB) mm	4465 / 1808 / 1280 / 2355	4445 / 1808 / 1280 / 2355
Drag coefficient	0.32	0.29
Engine	Flat-6, dohc, 4v/cyl, dual-VVT, variable resonance intake.	Flat-6, dohc, 4v/cyl, intake VVT, variable resonance intake.
Capacity	3797 cc	3600 cc
Compression ratio	12.0:1	12.0:1
Power	435 hp / 7600 rpm	415 hp / 7600 rpm
Torque	317 lbft / 6250 rpm	299 lbft / 5500 rpm
Max rev	8500 rpm	8400 rpm
Gearbox	6M	6M
Suspensions (F/R)	strut / multi-link, adaptive damping, variable ride height (front).	strut / multi-link, adaptive damping.
Tires (F/R)	235/35ZR19 / 305/30ZR19	235/35ZR19 / 305/30ZR19
Brakes (F/R)	380 / 350 mm dual-cast discs, 6 / 4-pot calipers	350 / 350 mm steel discs, 6 / 4-pot calipers
Weight	1395 kg	1395 kg
Top speed	194 mph	193 mph
0-60 mph	4.0 sec	4.2 sec
0-100 mph	8.2 sec	8.7 sec
EU fuel consumption	22.1 mpg	21.1 mpg
CO2 emission	303 g/km	307 g/km
Price (UK)	£82,000	£79,500

30 Jan, 2009

Ford Focus RS

The full details of Ford Focus RS has been released. As we reported before, Ford decided to keep it as FWD like the last generation as it would be too costly to develop and produce a new 4WD system. However, that didn't stop Team RS from giving it big power. The Volvo-sourced 2.5-liter inline-5 has been given a larger Borg Warner K16 turbocharger which boosts up to 1.4 bar instead of 0.7 bar in the more civilized Focus ST. Intake, exhaust (which integrates with the turbocharger) and intercooler have all been enhanced. To withstand higher stress, the engine uses more durable gasket, bore inserts and connecting rods. It produces 305 horsepower at 6500 rpm, slightly more than its rival Subaru Impreza STI (300hp) and Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X (295hp). The engine management system allows a 3-second abuse to 7050 rpm before settling to the rev limit of 6500 rpm. Peak at 324 lb-ft, the engine is also more torquey than its rivals. Moreover, the peak torque is available across a wide band from 2300-4500 rpm, thus the power delivery is far more flexible than the Japanese cars.

At 1467 kg, the Focus RS weighs 75 kg more than Focus ST but undercuts Subaru Impreza STI by around 40 kg. Its 0-60 mph, conservatively quoted at 5.6 seconds, has more to do with its lack of all-wheel traction. However, I expect it could beat its rivals at higher speed, especially as the car has a non-regulated top speed at 163 mph.

The chassis of Focus RS differs a lot from the lesser Focus ST. Its front and rear tracks are 40 mm wider to improve cornering stability. The front subframe is lowered by 20 mm. The suspension setup is considerably stiffer, while the brakes are larger. Large 19-inch wheels are shod with 235/35 Continental tires to provide immense grip. Besides, the RS is equipped with Qualife (torque-sensing) limited-slip differential like the last generation.

To handle so much power transferring to the front wheels, Ford developed a new front suspension called RevoKnuckle. Its development started 6 years ago as a solution to powerful diesel engines using in FWD cars. Having gained real-world experience by applying it in its WRC cars, Ford claims RevoKunckle can solve the long-existing problem for powerful front-drive cars - Torque Steer. Unlike conventional MacPherson strut suspension, which uses an inverted L-shape lower suspension link, the RevoKnuckle uses a C-shaped link which connects both to the strut mount and the wheel hub. This shortens the king-pin offset (the distance between wheel center and steering axis) by more than half thus reduces torque steer considerably.

RevoKnuckle front suspension

Is this really an effective solution to torque steer ? or just a compromising solution when you cannot afford 4WD ? We shall get the answer in the first road tests coming soon.

	Ford Focus RS	Subaru Impreza STI
Layout	Front-engined, FWD	Front-engined, 4WD
Size (L / W / H / WB) mm	4402 / 1842 / 1497 / 2640	4415 / 1795 / 1475 / 2625
Engine	Inline-5, dohc, 4v/cyl, VVT, turbo.	Flat-4, dohc, 4v/cyl, VVT, turbo.
Capacity	2521 cc	2457 cc
Power	305 hp / 6500 rpm	300 hp / 6000 rpm
Torque	324 lbft / 2300-4500 rpm	300 lbft / 4000 rpm
Gearbox	6M	6M
Suspensions (F/R)	RevoKnuckle strut / multi-link.	strut / double-wishbone
Tires (F/R)	235/35ZR19	245/40ZR18
Brakes (F/R)	336 / 302 mm	330 / 305 mm
Weight	1467 kg	1505 kg
Top speed	163 mph	155 mph (limited)
0-60 mph	5.6 sec	5.2 sec
EU fuel consumption	30 mpg	27.4 mpg
CO2 emission	225 g/km	243 g/km
Price (UK)	£25,000	£26,000

30 Jan, 2009

Industry News

Toyota sales dropped last year

Toyota suffered a 4% sales decline last year, the first drop in a decade. In 2008, Toyota sold 8.972 million vehicles, including 7.996 million Toyota branded vehicles (-5%), 0.866 million Daihatsus (+4%) and 0.11 million Hinos (+3%). However, it was still much better than GM and Ford. Only Volkswagen is expected to close the gap from the Japanese company last year.

The outlook is not great for the world no. 1 car maker. It predicts to make an operating loss of 140 billion yen in this fiscal year (Apr 2008 to Mar 2009) as a result of falling demand and strong yen. In response to piled up stocks, it will reduce its Japanese production by half from Feb to Apr. Plants will be shut down for 14 extra days in the first 3 months.

GM sales dropped even more last year

When Toyota experienced sales decline, the situation at General Motors could only be worse. Last year its worldwide sales dropped 10.8% to 8.36 million vehicles. In particular, its sales in North America plunged by 21%. GME (Europe) also dropped by 6.5%.

Honda S2000: End of Road

The 10-year-old Honda S2000 will come to the end when production cease in June this year. Only 110,000 cars were built until now.

Cadillac XLR to be axed

Production of Cadillac XLR will be terminated this spring due to weak demand. Only 1,250 units were sold in the USA last year. Launched in 2003, the Cadillac luxury roadster has never caught the same attention as Mercedes SL and Jaguar XK.

20 Jan, 2009

Fiat and Chyrsler form alliance

Although we forecasted a series of big earthquakes in automotive industry this year, we didn't expect so early. Having just entered 2009, Fiat kickstarted the music chair game. Today both Fiat and Chrysler announced that they have formed an alliance in which Fiat is taking 35% equity in the US company. This mean Cerberus will reduce its stakes to 45.1%, followed by Fiat's 35% and Daimler's 19.9%. It is believed that Fiat has the option to increase its stakes to 55% in the near future.

You might wonder why Fiat is interested in the loss-making Chrysler, whose stakes are virtually worthless. In fact, Fiat does not need to pay any cash for the deal. Instead, it only needs to offer its small cars and fuel-efficient engines for Chrysler to produce and sell in America. Currently, Chrysler found it is difficult to sell its big cars and trucks in the weak market. As it has no small cars at all, and it has failed to form a joint-venture with Chery due to its poor financial condition, it has no choice but to collaborate with Fiat.

To Fiat, the additional demand from Chrysler's equivalent models could help its suppliers (like its own Magneti-Marelli) and lower component costs. Moreover, the excess capacity of Chrysler could be used to produce Fiat 500 and Alfa Romeo models for sale in the US market. This ease the long-existing headache of the Italian company which has been thinking for years how to re-enter the US market. Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne said before that local production would be necessary to make business sense for Alfa Romeo to return to US. Chrysler's dealer network will also benefits Fiat and Alfa Romeo, just like Fiat's sales network in Brazil will benefit Chrysler.

Both firms did not specify which models will be shared, but AutoZine estimates Fiat 500 will be the first one, as it should be the easiest to comply with US safety regulations without major re-engineering. Moreover, Fiat has experience to convert the 500 into Ford Ka, so building one more version won't take long. The next car could be a B-segment car based on Fiat Grande Punto / Alfa Romeo MiTo, then a larger C-segment car based on Fiat Bravo / Alfa Romeo 149.

16 Jan, 2009

Peugeot 3008

Peugeot's new model 3008 is to debut in Geneva motor show in March. It is a crossover between hatchback, MPV and SUV, something like Nissan Qashqai. As implied by its name, it is derived from the 308 platform. Compare with that car, it is considerably taller (at 1639mm vs 1498mm), longer (4365mm vs 4276mm) and slightly wider (1837mm vs 1815mm), although its wheelbase is just 5mm longer.

While the 3008 remains a 5-seater, its seating arrangement is more flexible than 308. The 60/40-split rear seats and front passenger seat can fold flat to place luggage. A split tailgate (with a large conventional tailgate and a smaller bottom-hinged piece) opens to a large boot, which provides a parcel shelf. Unfortunately, rear legroom seems no better than that of 308 as the priority is put to luggage space. Also, the rear seat cannot slide back like some other rivals.

In order to reduce weight, 3008 employs an aluminum bonnet, plastic front wings and ultra-high strength steel in its chassis (consists of 12.5% by weight). Laser welding also reduces the overlapping steel. In aerodynamics, its large frontal area is compensated by a low drag coefficient at 0.296. Low rolling resistance tires and fuel efficient engines also help improving its fuel economy. There are 5 engines on offer: 120hp 1.6-liter VVT Valvetronic (from BMW), 150hp 1.6 THP VVT direct injection turbo (also from Mini), 110hp 1.6HDI and a pair of 2.0HDI with either 150hp or 163hp. Transmission includes 5-speed manual, 6-speed manual and 6-speed Tiptronic like its sibling.

More interesting is the "Hybrid4" model which will be available from 2011. It uses a 37hp / 148 lbft electric motor to drive the rear wheels, providing both the benefits of hybrid power and 4WD. However, I am not sure how Peugeot can manage the change of handling characteristic between FWD, 4WD and RWD mode, because in a hybrid car the electric motor turns on and off from time to time depending on conditions.

A car as tall as 3008 could be clumsy to handle. Therefore Peugeot offers it an adaptive suspensions called "Dynamic Roll Control". It links the shock absorbers of the left and right rear wheels hydraulically. A control valve in the hydraulic path normally opens to allow free flowing of oil between the rear wheels. In cornering, the valve closes to stop oil flowing, thus stiffens both shock absorbers and limits body roll.

Other special technology features include Grip Control (which is a 5-mode traction control), a radar-based distance warning system and HUD head-up-display. Although I don't like its looks and its crossover nature, the 3008 does sounds more interesting than the hatchback 308.

16 Jan, 2009

Industry News

2008 Japan sales chart

As expected, the new generation Honda Fit (Jazz) topped car sales chart in Japan last year. Its sales surged 50% to pass Toyota Corolla. However, Toyota still dominated the sales chart with 6 cars in the top 10. Sales of new Crown increased by 33%, while the Mk2 Prius - in its last production year - still saw a 25% increase due to high gasoline price in the year.

#	Model	Sales (units)
1	Honda Fit (Jazz)	174,910
2	Toyota Corolla	144,051
3	Toyota Vitz (Yaris)	123,337
4	Toyota Crown	74.904
5	Toyota Prius	73,110
6	Nissan Serena	72,927
7	Toyota Passo	72,767
8	Toyota Voxy	70,165
9	Nissan Tiida	65,302
10	Mazda Demio (2)	64,990
11	Nissan Note	62,704
12	Suzuki Swift	58,950
13	Toyota Estima	58,463
14	Toyota Noah	57,477
15	Toyota Ractis	51,694
16	Honda Freed	50,646
17	Nissan Cube	47,295
18	Nissan March (Micra)	46,686
19	Toyota Alphard	45,119
20	Honda StepWGN	44,441

End of Road: PT Cruiser

Chrysler president Tom LaSorda confirmed that production of its long-serving PT Cruiser will come to an end in this summer. The PT Cruiser was launched in year 2000. It won North American COTY award and sold 144,717 copies in its best year (2001). As the car got outdated, sales dropped by an alarming 50% last year to 50,910 units. Chrysler had already killed Pacifica, Crossfire and Magnum last year. Now they are seriously short of new models. Will it go back to the 1980s, offering only 1 platform (K-cars) ? I suppose Cerberus wants to sell Chrysler as soon as possible, so don't expect any new investment until a new buyer is found.

13 Jan, 2009

Toyota Prius Mk3

By the time of writing, sales of Toyota Prius has accumulated to around 1.1 million units since the first generation was born in 1997. However, facing new challengers like Honda Insight, Ford Fusion Hybrid and Chevrolet Volt, the Mk3 Toyota Prius takes the responsibility to maintain its lead in hybrid technology and sales. Like Honda Insight, it refuses to bet its fortune on lithium-ion batteries. Toyota believes this technology is still too expensive and may arise safety / warranty issues. For a car selling in excess of 200,000 units a year worldwide, it cannot afford any risks. Therefore the Mk3 takes a realistic approach and sticks with NiMH batteries.

However, this doesn’t stop it from improving elsewhere. The Hybrid Synergy Drive system, which consists of motor, inverter, control unit and transaxle, is claimed to be 90 percent new and 20 percent lighter. Regenerative braking is also improved to be more efficient. The engine grows from 1.5 to 1.8-liter, now runs in Atkinson cycle to enhance thermal efficiency. It produces 98 horsepower and 105 lb-ft of torque. The stronger torque means for most of the time the engine runs at lower rev, thus actually returns lower fuel consumption than the old engine. A more powerful electric motor means the car can run at pure electric mode more often. Toyota claims it will score 50 mpg combined figure in EPA testing, up from the Mk2’s 46 mpg and Mk1’s 41 mpg. Besides, with a combined output of 134hp (up from 108hp), the new Prius is quicker on the road. 0-60 mph now takes 9.8 seconds, over 1 second quicker than the last generation.

Compare with the outgoing car, the new Prius is just marginally larger - 15mm longer and 28mm wider, while wheelbase is nearly identical. It retains the wind-cheating teardrop monospace shape, but more wind tunnel works reduce its drag coefficient from 0.26 to 0.25 – which joins the new Mercedes E-class as the most aerodynamic efficient cars in the world. It is said to be built on a new platform, although its suspension layout (front strut and rear torsion beam) is familiar. By using aluminum bonnet, hatchback, front suspension axle and brake calipers, and some high-strength steel in the bodyshell, its weight should be close to the old car despite of improvement in comfort features and NVH suppression. Handling could be slightly improved by retuned suspension geometry and bushings, thicker front anti-roll bar and adoption of disc brakes all round and wider tires.

The cabin of new Prius has a similar architecture as the old one, such as a centrally located digital dashboard. Like Toyota Auris (or you may say it copied Volvo), it has a floating center console, underneath which is a storage cubby. The quality of materials looks better than that of Honda Insight. Rear passenger is benefited by more head room because the highest point of the roofline has been pushed rearward, while more legroom is released by using space-saving contoured front seats. The cargo area is also slightly larger than before.

A special new feature in the cabin is “Touch Tracer”. Although the car’s audio and some other controls are ergonomically located on the steering wheel, Toyota still wants to prevent the driver from distracting his concentration from the road. Therefore sensors are incorporated at these switches. Once the driver touch the switches, the corresponding function will be displayed on the high-mounted instrument panel, so he does not need to move his vision a long way from the road. Of course, it would have been even better if the function is displayed on HUD (head-up display) which flows on the windscreen. Unfortunately the Prius could not afford that.

The new Prius has more energy-saving features we have yet to cover. These include:

- LED lamps for front low beams and taillights;

- A more efficient air conditioning system;

- An exhaust heat recirculation system utilizes exhaust energy to warm up engine during cold start;

- Optional glass moonroof incorporates transparent thin-film solar cells to generate electricity. When the car is parked under sunshine, the electricity generated by the solar cells will be used to turn on ventilation fans in the cabin, which helps lowering the interior temperature. In this way, when the driver comes back, the air-conditioning will take less time to reach the desired temperature, hence saving energy. (Remark: Mercedes has been using this technology for years in the last generation E-class)

- The Prius offers 3 driving modes for driver selection: EV-Drive mode runs purely by electric power at low speed and for short distance; Eco mode is optimized for mileage; Power mode offers faster throttle response like conventional cars;

Compare with the new Honda Insight (see table below), Toyota Prius Mk3 seems better in every way - faster, more frugal, roomier and better built. As long as its price is reasonable, I don't see it could be seriously challenged.

	Prius Mk3	Prius Mk2
Size (L / W / H / WB) mm	4460 / 1745 / 1490 / 2700	4445 / 1727 / 1488 / 2692
Cd	0.25	0.26
Engine	Inline-4, dohc, 4v/cyl, VVT, Atkinson cycle.	Inline-4, dohc, 4v/cyl, VVT, DI.
Capacity	1798 cc	1496 cc
Engine power	98 hp	78 hp
Engine torque	105 lbft	85 lbft
Motor power	80 hp	67 hp
Motor torque	153 lbft	295 lbft
Combined power	134 hp	108 hp
Gearbox	CVT	CVT
Suspensions (F/R)	strut / torsion-beam	strut / torsion-beam
Tires	195/65R15	185/65R15
Weight	?	1295 kg
0-60 mph	9.8 sec (c)	11 sec (c)
EPA fuel consumption	50 mpg (est)	46 mpg (c)

	Toyota Prius Mk3	Honda Insight
Size (L / W / H / WB) mm	4460 / 1745 / 1490 / 2700	4395 / 1695 / 1425 / 2550
Cd	0.25	0.28
Engine	Inline-4, dohc, 4v/cyl, VVT, Atkinson cycle.	Inline-4, sohc, 2v/cyl, twin-spark, cylinder cut-off.
Capacity	1798 cc	1339 cc
Engine power	98 hp	88 hp
Engine torque	105 lbft	91 lbft
Motor power	80 hp	13.6 hp
Motor torque	153 lbft	58 lbft
Combined power	134 hp	100 hp
Gearbox	CVT	CVT
Suspensions (F/R)	strut / torsion-beam	strut / torsion-beam
Tires	195/65R15	175/65R15
Weight	?	1263 kg
0-60 mph	9.8 sec (c)	11 sec (c)
EPA fuel consumption	50 mpg (est)	41 mpg (c)

13 Jan, 2009

Fisker Karma and Karma S (S for Sunset)

Last month we have briefly talked about the production Fisker Karma. More details have emerged as it is being displayed in Detroit show. Until now Fisker has taken 1,000 orders for the US$88,000 plug-in hybrid sports sedan. It plans to start delivery in Q4 this year. Production is to be subcontracted to Valmet in Finland.

As previously reported, the car is powered by two powerful electric motors located in the rear differential, each produces 201 horsepower. Energy comes from a 22.6kWh lithium-ion battery pack located in the transmission tunnel. In pure electric mode (called “Stealth mode”), it can travel up to 50 miles. In “Sport mode”, a 260hp GM 2.0 Ecotec 16V direct injection turbo engine turns a generator to supply the electric motors. This extend its range to 300 miles. Performance figures remain the same as originally announced: 125 mph top speed and 0-60 mph in 5.8 seconds.

Another car Fisker showed in Detroit is the open top version of Karma. It is called Karma S, where S stands for “Sunset”. Compare with the sedan, it loses the rear doors and reduces the accommodation to 2+2, as some of the rear space is taken by the retractable metal roof. No weight or performance figures have been released, but you can assume they will be nearly identical to the Karma.

12 Jan, 2009

Detroit motor show still shines

The worst of time is also the best of time. While a black cloud is shadowing Detroit's auto industry, the 2009 Detroit motor show is perhaps the best in years. As you will see below, this year it shows a lot of interesting new production cars and concept cars. Like last year, the main theme this year is green technology, most notably hybrid (from Japanese and US makers) and diesel (from European makers).

12 Jan, 2009

Volkswagen BlueSport concept

Volkswagen showed a few mid-engined roadster concepts before, but I suppose this one will have a greater chance to reach production. No matter from its design or mechanical specifications, you will find the BlueSport concept every bit feasible for mass production. It is a mid-engined 2-seater sports car with a conventional fabric soft top and two luggage compartments (one at the front and one at the tail). The exterior design is crisp and pretty. The body is quite compact at 3.99m long, 1.75m wide and 1.26m tall, with a 2.43m wheelbase. Its kerb weight is less than 1200 kg, thanks to aluminum bonnet and engine lid, and a soft roof that weighs only 27 kg.

The BlueSport is powered by Volkswagen's existing 2.0TDI 16V turbo diesel engine good for 180hp and 258lbft. The engine is mounted transversely between the rear wheels and drive a 6-speed DSG gearbox, so it can be easily transplanted from the FF architecture of Golf. The car can top 140 mph and accelerate from 0-60 mph in 6.3 seconds.

Apart from brisk performance, the little roadster emphasizes eco friendliness. It has automatic start-stop function and brake energy regeneration to achieve 65.6 mpg in eco mode and only 113g/km of CO2 emission.

The Detroit show car is a very well finished running prototype. Sources said Volkswagen plans to produce it as a joint venture with Porsche and Audi starting from 2011. Apart from 2.0TDI, the Volkswagen will also offer a 2.0 TSI petrol and perhaps an entry-level 1.4 TSI.

12 Jan, 2009

Audi Sportback concept

Audi Sportback concept is obviously a preview of the forthcoming A7 production car. The A7 was believed to be a 4-door coupe in the mould of Mercedes CLS-class, but the name “Sportback” implies that it has a hatchback door, although in the press release there was no mentioning about that.

To me, the biggest significance of this car is its new design language, which is softer, cleaner yet crisper than the existing design theme on A4 / A5, and more in-line with R8. Its new shape headlights and hexagonal front grille are likely to influence the next generation Audi models.

The car is built on the same MLP platform as A4 and A5. It measures 4.95m long, 1.93m wide,1.40m tall and weighs some 1800 kg, which is undoubtedly a big coupe. A drag coefficient of 0.30 is not as low as its looks suggest. Similarly, the 225hp 3.0TDI V6 is also a disappointment, considering the existing 3.0TDI in various Audi models is already producing 240hp. However, the lower power engine complies with EU6 emission standard, thanks to DeNOx catalyst and AdBlue urea injection (same as Mercedes' BlueTEC). It also has automatic start-stop to improve fuel economy.

The car employs 7-speed S-Tronic twin-clutch gearbox and 40:60 Quattro 4WD system. Other features include a continuous adaptive damping (from Q7), ceramic brakes (unlikely to be standard on production A7), automatic parallel parking system, all-LED headlamps, panoramic roof and Audi’s first application of electrical power steering on its longitudinal engine model.

12 Jan, 2009

New generation Ford Taurus

The last generation Ford Five-Hundred / Taurus never caught the hearts of American public like the first 2 generations Taurus from the mid-1980s to early 1990s. Therefore Dearborn decided to terminate its production and push forward the introduction of new generation Taurus. As seen from these pictures, the new car looks far more convincing than the outgoing car. Its angular design theme, high low roof line and shallow windows deliver a substantial and solid feel like Chrysler 300C. The front end features the latest evolution of Ford’s 3-bar grille. Below it is a sporty trapezoidal intake, taking shape from some European Ford models.

The new Taurus remains a FWD full-size car. Although Ford has released no figures, I suppose it measures in excess of 5 meters and weighs about 1700 kg. It is still derived from the Volvo S80 platform (which also underpins Lincoln MKS). As before, Haldex 4WD system will be offered as option. Suspension is by struts up front and multi-link setup at the rear.

The powertrain is carried over from the existing car – 3.5 Duratec V6 with 263hp and 6-speed automatic gearbox. They are unlikely to provide firebreathing performance. However, later on Ford will offer its new Ecoboost 3.5-liter direct injection twin-turbo V6, which is good for 355hp and 350 lbft. This engine is being introduced to Ford Flex.

The interior of new Taurus is surprisingly sporty, with a fast-angle center console and high transmission tunnel. It is trimmed with mostly soft materials and high-quality plastic to fight with Japanese big cars. Anyway, the most powerful weapon of Taurus is still an unbeatable price tag, which will start from only US$26,000. That will undercut a base Toyota Avalon by $2,000.

12 Jan, 2009

Honda Insight unveiled

As we have reported before, the second generation Honda Insight has been converted from a 2-seater coupe to a 5-door hatchback like Toyota Prius. With its new found practicality and a low price tag (around US$20,000 in the USA or £15,000 in the UK), Honda set an ambitious sales target of 200,000 units per year, half of which will go to North America.

Frankly, I found the latest version of IMA (Integrated Motor Assist) does not present any real technological breakthrough. Its construction remains the same as before - consisting of a fuel-efficient 1.3-liter four-pot engine, a CVT and a thin brushless DC motor sandwiched between them. The battery is still conventional Nickel-Metal Hydride type, whose power density and charging time are inferior to the Lithium-ion batteries to be employed by Chevrolet Volt. However, what Honda emphasizes this time is affordability. While Volt is destined to be produced at a loss, Honda wants its new hybrid passenger car to earn real profit for the company. Therefore cost reduction was the no. 1 job in its development.

To reduce cost, Honda built the new Insight with many parts from Fit / Jazz, such as the low-cost strut and torsion-beam suspensions. Besides, the Insight is designed to be a compact car, unlike the mid-size Prius, with a 2550mm wheelbase, 4395mm length, 1695mm width and 1425mm height. This keeps its weight at a relatively manageable 1263kg. Lower weight means the motor and battery pack can be smaller to save costs. The motor produces 13.6hp and 58 lbft of torque instead of 20hp / 76 lbft that used in Civic Hybrid. The battery now consists of 84 instead of 132 D-size battery cells.

The 1339cc engine is a simplified version of the one employed by Civic Hybrid. It continues to use 2 valves and twin-spark plugs per cylinder to favour fuel economy instead of power. Its i-VTEC system has 2 sets of cam lobes, one for normal operation and one with zero lift to shut down the cylinders during electric mode to reduce pumping loss. This contrast to the 3-stage i-VTEC in Civic Hybrid which includes low-rev, high-rev and cylinder deactivate cam lobes. The engine here produces 88hp and 91 lbft of torque. The combined output of engine and motor is 100hp at 5800rpm and 123lbft at 1000-1500rpm, enough to pull the Insight from rest to 60 mph in 11 seconds.

Unlike Prius, the small motor of Insight cannot start the car from rest. The engine is still the main propulsion unit while the motor provides additional assistance. Once the car is running (at light load and below 30mph), the engine may shut down, leaving the motor to work alone to save fuel. During braking the motor recharges the battery. Low rolling resistance 175/65SR15 tires are adopted to reduce energy consumption. Honda claims its combined fuel consumption at 41mpg US EPA and 64.2mpg EU. CO2 emission is 101g/km.

The interior of Insight looks quite conventional except the dashboard which displays the running state of the IMA system. Rear seat space is noticeably smaller than Civic Hybrid, but the rear seatback may fold flat to place luggage. The battery pack locates under the luggage floor while fuel tank is under the rear seat, so they do not intrude into the luggage compartment.

12 Jan, 2009

Lexus HS250h

HS250h is the Prius of Lexus, i.e., the division’s first dedicated hybrid car. Before its launch in Detroit show we heard little about it. Is it derived from the new generation Prius ? or is it a Lexus version of Toyota Camry Hybrid ? Read the spec of the car, however, confirms that it is actually developed from the platform of Toyota Avensis. Both cars share the same 2700mm wheelbase and 4695mm length, a similar width (1785mm for Lexus while 1810mm for Avensis) and height (1506mm for Lexus and 1480mm for Avensis). Both cars employ strut suspensions up front and double-wishbone setup at the rear. However, the HS250h has an exterior styling resembling Lexus IS and a MPV-style center console in the cabin.

The hybrid powertrain of HS250h is taken from Camry Hybrid. It combines an Atkinson cycle 2.4-liter four-pot engine and electric motor to deliver a combined 187hp. Like all Toyota Hybrid cars, it employs planetary gear continuous variable transmission. Other fuel saving measures include infrared-reducing windscreen (which saves air conditioning power), LED headlamps and exhaust heat recovery system (which quickens engine warm up). However, don’t expect this front-drive, tall-body, heavy and low power Lexus to be a driver’s car like the IS. It targets at very different customers.

12 Jan, 2009

Chrysler 200C EV concept

Having received money from American people, it’s time for Chrysler to entertain them with a new, fancy concept car. This Chrysler 200C EV has all the ingredients to be a good concept car – stylish, high-tech and politically correct. It is said to be a “range-extended vehicle”, which means primarily an electric car but incorporates a gasoline engine to generate electricity to extend its range. The 268hp electric motors can propel the car from 0-60 mph in 7 seconds and top 120mph. The Li-ion battery provides a range up to 40 miles. With a gasoline generator, it could be extended to 400 miles. Chrysler did not specify which engine it uses – that’s not important, because the whole plug-in powertrain is still the company’s imagination to satisfy the American tax payers.

More innovative is the interior, which uses touch screens to provide all control functions. The user interface can be personalized like your Windows. There is a mobile PC for passengers to use. Moreover, like using Facebook, you can add the cars of your friends so that they can communicate with each other while moving. I would suggest Chrysler stop building cars and turn itself into an IT company.

12 Jan, 2009

Cadillac Converj concept

GM wants Cadillac to share the expensive costs of Chevrolet Volt, so it introduces this stylish concept coupe to test the water. Basically you can call it Cadillac’s version of Volt, because its underpinnings are the same - Delta platform and “Voltec” plug-in hybrid system. If you forget the specification of Volt, let me remind you:

- Lithium-ion battery consisting of 220 cells with total capacity 16kWh;
- Batteries located in transmission tunnel and behind seats, forming a “T” shape;
- 161hp and 273 lbft electric motors;
- 100 mph top speed;
- a pure electric range of 40 miles, 4-cylinder gasoline engine provides extended range;
- 3 hours recharge at 240V, 8 hours at 120V;

Besides, the Converj features magnetic ride for its front suspensions. Unfortunately, the rear end still features a torsion beam. Is this really a Cadillac ?

12 Jan, 2009

Dodge Circuit EV

It is easy to tell that Dodge Circuit EV is based on Lotus Europa (though I read some websites incorrectly declared “Exige” or even “Evora”, laughably). In fact, I suspect it may be also developed by Lotus, because as I know Lotus is offering consultancy works to mainstream car makers on electric and hybrid technology. Like Chrysler 200C concept, Chrysler group needs to show its green credential to politicians and tax payers. Which way could be faster than asking Lotus to develop it ?

The Circuit EV has the following specifications: 120mph+ top speed; 0-60 mph in sub-5 seconds; 268hp motor; Li-ion battery; 150-200 miles range. It seems similar to Tesla Roadster, especially when that car is also built by Lotus base on Elise platform.

12 Jan, 2009 (updated on 13 Jan)

Jaguar new V8, XFR and XK facelift

It is encouraging to see Jaguar going stronger and stronger. With the introduction of XF, last year Jaguar finally negated its trend of declining sales (which dropped in the past 4 years) and recorded an 8-percent increase. This year it fuels the fire by introducing XFR and update its XK / XKR. However, let us focus on their new 5.0-liter Gen III AP-V8 first, as it is the most important element of both cars.

Jaguar’s AP-V8 originally displaced 4 liters and then upgraded to 4.2 liters. In the third generation, it is enlarged further to 5.0 liters. Apart from more capacity, it also added some sophisticated technologies:

Dual continuous VVT (previously on intake valves only);
The VVT is new torque-actuated type, i.e. driven by the torque generated from valve opening / closing instead of hydraulic pressure. It is faster responding and consumes less energy;
Added 2-stage Cam Profile Switching (CPS) system on intake valves. It provides a set of short opening / low lift cam lobes for low rpm and long opening / high lift cam lobes for high rpm. The selection of which cam lobes is implemented by hydraulic controlled two-piece tappets. Same theory as Porsche Variable Cam Plus.
Added a 2-stage variable length intake manifolds to improve torque curve. Above 4700 rpm switches to short manifolds.
Adopts spray-guided direct injection (previously indirect injection).

The naturally aspirated V8 now pumps out 385hp and 390 lbft of torque, representing a strong improvement from 300hp / 303 lbft of the previous 4.2 V8. Jaguar claims fuel consumption is unchanged due to direct injection and other improvement in efficiency.

The supercharged version V8 on the “R” models also features similar new technologies (except CPS and variable intake manifolds because its tremendous torque does not need them). The new twin-vortex Roots-type supercharger, located in the V-valley together with the twin-intercooler, is more efficient and quieter. It produces 510 horsepower and 461 lbft from 2000-5000 rpm. From only 1000 rpm there is already 331 lbft of torque.

Apart from engine, Jaguar also introduces some new chassis technology:

“Adaptive Dynamics” replaces the outgoing CATS adaptive suspension. It is actually a continuously variable adaptive damping system using adjustable Bilstein dampers. Previously, CATS varied the damping only between “hard” and “soft” setting.

“Active Differential Control (ADC)” is a new active limited slip differential. It uses multi-plate clutches within the rear differential to transfer more torque to the desired wheel. Unlike most existing systems, the multi-plate clutches are not driven by hydraulic system, but by a small electric motor. This mean faster response and less complication.

XFR

Having explained the new technology, now it is easier to describe the new cars. XFR is powered by the 5.0 supercharged V8 with 510 horsepower and 461 lb-ft of torque. That's 90 hp and 48 lb-ft up from the outgoing 4.2-liter supercharged SV8. It takes only 4.7 seconds to do 0-60 mph while top speed is still governed at 155 mph. In other words, its performance is on a par with BMW M5 and Mercedes E63, if not Audi RS6 and Cadillac CTS-V.

The suspension of XFR is lowered by 27mm, along with stiffer springs and anti-roll bars. Of course, Adaptive Dynamics suspensions and ADC active differential are incorporated.

	XFR	XF SV8 (old)
Size (L / W / H / WB) mm	4961 / 1877 / 1433 / 2909	4961 / 1877 / 1460 / 2909
Engine	V8, dohc, 4v/cyl, DVVT, DI, supercharger.	V8, dohc, 4v/cyl, VVT, supercharger.
Capacity	5000 cc	4196 cc
Power	510 hp / 6500 rpm	420 hp / 6250 rpm
Torque	461 lbft / 2500-5500 rpm	413 lbft / 3500 rpm
Gearbox	6A	6A
Suspensions (F/R)	double-wishbone / wishbone+upper link, continuous adaptive damping	double-wishbone / wishbone+upper link, discreet adaptive damping
Tires (F/R)	255/35ZR20 / 285/30ZR20	255/35ZR20 / 285/30ZR20
Brakes (F/R)	380 / 380 mm	355 / 326 mm
Weight	1891 kg	1842 kg
0-60 mph	4.7 sec	5.1 sec
EU fuel consumption	22.5 mpg	22.4 mpg
CO2 emission	292 g/km	299 g/km

XF 3.0D, 3.0D S and 5.0 V8

All engines on the XF, except the 240hp 3.0 petrol V8, have been upgraded. These include 3.0 twin-turbo diesel (240hp), 3.0 sequential twin-turbo diesel (275hp) and naturally aspirated 5.0 V8 (385hp). See below for their comparison with the old engines.

	XF 3.0D	XF 3.0D S	XF 2.7D (old)
Engine	V6, dohc, 4v/cyl, CDI, VTG twin-turbo.	V6, dohc, 4v/cyl, CDI, sequential VTG twin-turbo.	V6, dohc, 4v/cyl, CDI, VTG twin-turbo.
Capacity	2993 cc	2993 cc	2721 cc
Power	240 hp / 4000 rpm	275 hp / 4000 rpm	207 hp / 4000 rpm
Torque	369 lbft / 2000 rpm	442 lbft / 2000 rpm	321 lbft / 1900 rpm
Gearbox	6A	6A	6A
Weight	1820 kg	1820 kg	1771 kg
0-60 mph	6.7 sec	5.9 sec	7.7 sec
EU fuel consumption	41.5 mpg	41.5 mpg	37.6 mpg
CO2 emission	179 g/km	179 g/km	199 g/km

	XF 5.0 V8	XF 4.2 V8 (old)
Engine	V8, dohc, 4v/cyl, DVVT+L, DI, variable intake.	V8, dohc, 4v/cyl, VVT.
Capacity	5000 cc	4196 cc
Power	385 hp / 6500 rpm	300 hp / 6000 rpm
Torque	390 lbft / 3500 rpm	303 lbft / 4100 rpm
Gearbox	6A	6A
Weight	1780 kg	1749 kg
0-60 mph	5.5 sec	6.3 sec
EU fuel consumption	25.4 mpg	25.3 mpg
CO2 emission	264 g/km	264 g/km

XK and XKR facelift

As seen, the XK has received a refresh look along with updated interior (most notably the beautiful rotary gear selector taken from XF).

The 5.0-liter naturally aspirated XK now accelerates from 0-60 mph in 5.2 seconds instead of 5.9 sec, while the supercharged XKR now takes 4.6 seconds instead of 4.9 sec.

Both cars employ Adaptive Dynamics suspensions as standard, but ADC is only standard on XKR.

12 Jan, 2009

More on Mercedes E-class W212

Now we have more details on the new Mercedes E-class W212:

Its chassis has a 30% higher torsional rigidity than the last generation. Although it looks angular, it actually returns the lowest drag coefficient in current production cars, 0.25.

Its suspensions employ standard mechanical adaptive dampers like that used in C-class. Electronic damping will only be optional on E350 and standard on E500.

Safety equipments include Night Vision, Blindspot warning system, adaptive lighting, LED daytime running lights, Attention Assist, PRE-SAFE, adaptive cruise control…

All petrol engines except V8 and V6 4matic are labelled as “BlueEFFICIENCY”. This include the following fuel saving technologies: on-demand systems (lubrication pump, alternator, air-con, electro-hydraulic steering), auto start-stop, gearchange indication light, low rolling resistance tires (which consumes 17% less energy).

The 136hp E200CDI returns remarkable 53.2mpg EU combined consumption figure, while the petrol 184hp E200CGI is also class-leading at 42.8mpg.

12 Jan, 2009

Subaru new Legacy

Details of the new generation Subaru Legacy is still scarce although the company has displayed its concept car in Detroit. Apart from a familiar exterior design, we know it is larger than the old car (2750mm wheelbase instead of 2670mm) while the 4WD and boxer engine format will be intact. The concept car is powered by the company’s 3.6-liter 6-cylinder engine, which currently produces 256hp under the hood of Tribeca SUV. In the cabin, the design is conventional, although center console features large touch-screen display.

12 Jan, 2009

Toyota Camry facelift

Toyota Camry has received a facelift. Apart from a new grille, the biggest change should be the upgrade of its 2.4 four-cylinder engine to 2.5 liters. Horsepower increases from 158hp to 169hp on base model, or 179hp on SE model. Besides, both manual and auto transmissions get one more gear to 6 speeds. Inside, there are only minor upgrade of audio and other equipments.

12 Jan, 2009

Tesla Roadster Sport

While Chrysler is showing its EV challenger Dodge Circuit EV, Tesla introduces an even faster version of its Roadster called Roadster Sport. Its electric motor has hand-wound stator for increased winding density and lower resistance, so peak torque is said to be increased by 15 percent. As a result 0-60 mph is quickened from 3.9 to 3.7 seconds. Besides, the Sport employs stickier Yokohama high performance tires, (manually) adjustable dampers and anti-roll bars from Lotus’ parts bin. It costs some $128,500 in US, some 30 percent more than the already expensive standard car.

12 Jan, 2009

North American COTY: Hyundai Genesis

This year’s North American Car of the Year award has been announced in Detroit motor show. Hyundai Genesis beat Volkswagen Jetta TDI (is it a new car?) and Ford Flex (is it worth entering the final?) to take this title. In the truck side, Ford F-150 is the winner.

9 Jan, 2009

New Buick LaCrosse

Last year in Beijing motor show GM displayed a near-production concept car called Buick Invicta. Now it becomes reality, albeit under the familiar name LaCrosse. The new generation LaCrosse will be produced in both USA and China (in the latter case by the joint-venture with SAIC). China is especially important, as it has become the largest market for Buick, even eclipsing its home country. For this reason, the new car was designed by an international team comprising of American and Chinese designers. Its front end might be a little conservative in order to please Chinese customers, but its overall profile is European sporty, with high waist line, fast windscreen and rear screen, slim side windows and a Bentley-style powerful crease line running around the rear wheelarch. Relatively short overhangs lead you hard to believe that it is really a Buick.

Its underpinnings, however, came from Opel Insignia’s Epsilon II platform. Wheelbase has been stretched by a full 100 mm to 2837 mm to suit its near-luxury market positioning. A rigid chassis and extensive NVH engineering such as triple door seals, laminated glass and 6-point engine mounts should contribute to remarkable refinement. The strut and multi-link suspensions can be optionally added with electronic adaptive damping, what a pity for cost reasons it is not the excellent magnetic dampers as used in some Cadillacs. The Epsilon II platform is front-wheel drive, of course, but like Opel, it can be equipped with Haldex 4WD system if you don’t mind the weight penalty of 80 kg. However, even the FWD LaCrosses are no lightweight, as their kerb weight range from 1791 to 1844 kg.

At launch GM offers 2 engines to the LaCrosse – 255hp 3.0-liter and 280hp 3.6-liter DOHC 24-valve VVT V6, both have direct fuel injection. The 3.6 engine is familiar to us although it is detuned from the 304hp level of Cadillac CTS and Chevy Camaro. The smaller engine is a new version as an attempt to improve fuel consumption figures. It produces respectable power and will rev easily beyond 7000 rpm, but its 211 lb-ft of maximum torque @ 5600 rpm will be difficult to haul the heavyweight LaCrosse with satisfactory progress. Both engines mate with GM-Ford’s 6-speed automatic transmission.

The interior of the car is quite sporty. It features some luxurious equipments, such as rear passenger DVD entertainment system, HUD (head-up display), LED ambient lighting, stitched leather trim and rear window sunshade. Safety features include blindspot warning system, adaptive headlights and standard stability control.

Overall speaking, the new LaCrosse is finally a world-class car, unlike its cheap predecessor. However, whether it can achieve better sales performance will be dependent on its build quality and road manner, which we shall have a clearer picture in a couple of months.

	LaCrosse CX 3.0	LaCrosse CXS 3.6
Size (L / W / H / WB) mm	5003 / 1858 / 1497 / 2837	5003 / 1858 / 1497 / 2837
Engine	V6, dohc, 4v/cyl, VVT, DI.	V6, dohc, 4v/cyl, VVT, DI.
Capacity	2994 cc	3564 cc
Bore x stroke	89.0 x 80.2 mm	94.0 x 85.6 mm
Power	255 hp / 6950 rpm	280 hp / 6400 rpm
Torque	211 lbft / 5600 rpm	261 lbft / 5200 rpm
Gearbox	6A	6A
Suspensions	strut / multi-link, adaptive damping optional.	strut / multi-link, adaptive damping optional.
Weight	1791 kg	1844 kg

9 Jan, 2009

Nissan GT-R Spec V released in Japan !

High performance comes at a price, especially when you go to the extreme. The standard Nissan GT-R is already a supercar in terms of real-world performance. To stretch its performance envelop further – even by a small margin, Nissan needs some very expensive modifications. The result is the top-of-the-range GT-R Spec V. In Japan, it is for sale at 15.75 million yen (an equivalent to US$170,000 or £112,000), i.e., twice the price of the standard GT-R ! This make it more expensive than Porsche 911 Turbo (£100,000) and close to the territory of 911 GT2 (£129,000). In this form, our latest AutoZine COTY is no longer that bargain.

So what does the Spec V provide ? Disappointingly, the earlier rumours suggested a 550 hp engine is found to be completely wrong. Output of its twin-turbo 3.8-liter V6 remains 485hp (note: power rating of the standard GT-R has been revised from 480 to 485hp recently), so is the torque output of 434 lb-ft at 3200-5200 rpm. However, Spec V has added an overboost button on the steering wheel, which could overboost the engine for 80 seconds and increase mid-range torque to 449 lb-ft from 3500-5000 rpm. This will help overtaking a little.

More efforts were made on weight reduction. The standard GT-R already employs a lot of lightweight materials, such as aluminium bonnet, door skins, boot lid, suspensions and subframes, polypropylene front bumper, carbon-fiber front cross-member, radiator support and rear diffusers. Spec V found another 60 kg of savings by using Brembo carbon-ceramic brakes (-20kg), lightweight forged aluminium wheels (-8kg), titanium exhaust (-5.4kg), carbon-fiber rear spoiler, front grille and brake ducts, lighter Recaro bucket seats with carbon-fiber shell and by simply deleting the rear seats. That said, the Spec V GT-R still weighs a hefty 1680 kg. That's 95 more than 911 Turbo and 240 more than the rear-drive GT2.

The Spec V will be slightly faster than the standard GT-R in straight line as well as in racing tracks thanks to its lower weight, stronger braking and stiffer Bilstein dampers. Whether such marginal advantage justify the high price is another matter. However, Nissan aims this car to the most hardcore drivers who would take it to racing tracks. It plans to sell only 20-30 cars each month in Japan.

9 Jan, 2009

Mercedes E-class W212 info leaked

Scans from the official brochure of new generation Mercedes E-class W212 have leaked into the web. These pictures show the angular exterior and interior design of the new E-class as well as reveal its mechanical specifications. The new car is marginally larger than before, measuring 4868 mm long (+50mm), 1854mm wide (+32mm), 1470mm tall (-13mm) and runs a 2870mm wheelbase (+16mm). Weight seems to be well controlled, as E350 CGI weighs only 15 kg more than the old car for example. There are as many as 9 engines to choose from, splitting half-half between petrol and diesels:

E200 CGI: this is a new turbocharged (instead of supercharged) and direct-injected version of the outgoing 1796cc four-cylinder engine. In base form it produces 184hp and 199 lbft / 1800-4200 rpm. Twin-balancer shafts incorporated.

E250 CGI: the same 1796cc engine as above boosted to 204hp and 229 lbft / 2000-4500 rpm.

E350 CGI: carried over from last generation. This direct-injected 3498cc V6 produces 292hp and 269 lbft / 3000 rpm. It should be the most popular engine in America market.

E500: carried over from last generation and S-class. 5461cc V8 pumps out 388hp and 391 lbft / 2800-4800 rpm. American market will again call it E550.

E200 CDI: new 2143cc common-rail turbo diesel four-pot engine produces 136hp and 265 lbft / 1600-2600 rpm. Twin-balancer shafts incorporated.

E220 CDI: same as the above engine but boosted to 170hp and 295 lbft / 1400-2800 rpm.

E250 CDI: again the same 2143 cc engine but enhanced with sequential twin-turbo (small turbo for low rev and large turbo for high rev), piezo injectors and 2000 bar injection pressure. Output jumps to 204hp and an astonishing 369 lb-ft of torque from 1600-1800 rpm. It could make the pricier E350 CGI and E350 CDI redundant.

E350 CDI: 2987cc turbo diesel V6 produces 231hp and 398 lbft / 1600-2400 rpm.

E350 Bluetec: same engine as E350 CDI but added with urea-based clean emission technology. Output drops to 211hp.

Now we shall wait for more technical details from the official press release in this weekend’s Detroit motor show.

9 Jan, 2009

Volvo upgraded its D5 engine to twin-turbo

Volvo’s D5 2.4-liter 5-cylinder turbo diesel engine has been around for many years and you can feel its age when you push it hard. Now the company has unveiled a new generation D5 engine, first to be applied to S80. Its engine capacity remains at 2.4 liters (now exactly 2400cc). Maximum power improves by 20hp to 205hp @ 4000 rpm and max torque goes up by 15 lb-ft to 310 lb-ft @ 1500-3250 rpm. Equipped in S80 with automatic transmission, the new D5 engine improves EU combined fuel consumption from 38.7 mpg to 42.2 mpg.

The improvement is achieved by using 1800 bar common-rail injection pressure, piezo injectors, ceramic glow-plugs (which is faster to warm up thus improves cold start emission) and a sequential twin-turbocharging system. The latter comprises of a small turbo for low rpm and large turbo for high rpm. They work together to provide up to 1.8 bar of boost pressure.

However, considering the high features of this engine, I am quite disappointed with its specify output at 85hp per liter. Its counterparts at BMW, Audi, Mercedes and Jaguar can produce 90 or even 100 horsepower per liter.

9 Jan, 2009

Industry News

Pininfarina family sold majority stakes

The company Pininfarina was founded by design maestro Battista Pininfarina in 1930. Until now it has been controlled by the Pininfarina family. However, in recent years its financial condition worsened as it failed to find enough contracts for its assembly plant – now only Alfa Brera and Ford Focus CC are being produced there, occupying only ¼ of its capacity. The design business also dropped significantly as most car makers no longer outsource their car design. It is estimated that Pininfarina owed creditor banks as much as 600 million euro. In exchange for wiping out some 250 million euro of the debts, last month the family sold its majority stakes as well as the rights of the Pininfarina trademark to creditors. Now it remains only 4.5 percent stakes. However, the banks have no intention to take the leading position of its management (at least for the time being), so Paolo Pininfarina will continue to head the company. As we reported before, Pininfarina planned to convert its factory to produce its B0 electric city car (our AutoZine Concept COTY) in partnership with French industrial group Bollore, which supplies the lithium polymer batteries.

Audi sales passed 1 million mark in 2008

Last year Audi sold some 1,003,400 vehicles worldwide, breaking the 1 million mark for the first time in its history. Such performance is excellent considering the poor US market condition in Q4. However, this year it will be very difficult to repeat that performance.

GM sold 1.09 million cars in China in 2008

Despite of a slow down in second half, GM still set a new sales record in China. Its full year sales totalled 1.09 million units, 6 percent up from a year ago. Passenger cars produced by its JV with SAIC amounted to 445,709 units, a 7 percent decline due to lack of new models. This was compensated with commercial vehicle sales, up 18 percent to 647,296 units. Without China market, GM would not have survived even with more government bailout money. It's time to say "Thank You, Chinese people !"

Toyota and Commodore topped Australian sales chart again

Toyota exceeded its lead in Australian car market last year further from Holden and Ford as customers switched to smaller cars. It sold 239,000 cars against Holden's 130,338 units and Ford's 104,715 units, simply knocked out its rivals. However, Holden Commodore remains the best selling car in the country for 13 years in a row, narrowly beating Toyota Corolla.